The most common tree in the eastern European part of the country is pine. No less popular are ordinary spruce and white fir. However, most of the territory is occupied by deciduous plants. To understand what trees are in the country, you need to familiarize yourself with their types and characteristics.
What trees grow in the forest
What trees grow in coniferous and mixed forests is a matter of concern to many. In coniferous Russian forests, which occupy up to 70% of the country's area, low temperatures and high humidity are observed. Therefore, here the main representatives are spruce, pine, larch. In deciduous forests, which extend from the western part of the country to the Ural Mountains, oak, maple, and linden grow. In the mixed forests of Russia you can meet all kinds of trees: poplar, pine, spruce, linden, oak, elm shrub.
Spreading tree in a park
For your information! Trees in mixed forests are considered centenarians.
Tree types
All trees are divided into coniferous and deciduous. Different representatives of conifers have the following characteristics:
- considered to be evergreen, sprout in Central Russia in moderately moist open spaces;
- most often found in the northern regions of the country;
- have one trunk, from which side branches depart;
- have leaves that look like needles;
- coniferous fruits are cones; subsequent seeds are formed in them.
Important! Conifers are considered the most long-lived in the world, their average indicators reach 500 years.
The height level varies at around 50 m. Deciduous trees in the Moscow region and other Russian environs were formed later than conifers by evolutionary standards. Hardwood can be found in mixed forests. The following tree species are classified:
- small-leaved;
- broadleaf;
- evergreens;
- deciduous.
Such plants have a shorter lifespan, on average, up to 200 years. Their sizes vary within 35 m.
Deciduous trees of Russia
Deciduous forest trees include linden, birch, oak, elm. Such vegetation is found in mixed forests throughout Russia.
Linden
Linden belongs to the deciduous group of plants.
Big linden tree in the middle of the field
Geographically, it sprouts in the European part of the country. Height indicators reach 40 m. The linden crown has a spherical shape, in diameter it can increase up to 20 m. This gives the tree a majesty. Leaves are arranged on long petioles in the next order. The sheet plate has a jagged structure and a yellow tint. The flowering of linden begins in early July, its duration is up to two weeks.
Note! Linden fruits, flowers, leaves and bark are widely used in folk medicine and cosmetology. On their basis, healing decoctions and infusions are prepared.
Oak
Oak belongs to the subspecies of the Bukovs. It grows in the eastern European part of Russia. The plant is impressive in size. Its length reaches 60 m, and the trunk width is kept at around 2 m. The oak has a spherical crown, making it majestic and wide. The bark of a tree has a gray tint; as it develops, it becomes black. Life expectancy is 500 years.
Oak is distinguished by a rooted root system, its leaves have different rounded edges and another arrangement.
Important! The tree begins to bloom at the age of 40 at the end of spring. Oak fruits - acorns - appear in early to mid-September.
Elm
Elms - deciduous, wild-growing trees, reach a height of 30-40 m. At the same time, the trunk width increases to 2 m as it grows. Sometimes elm occurs in the form of shrubs. The crown of the plant most often has a cylindrical shape, but sometimes it is also spherical. Elm lives up to 120 years. In history, cases of a life span of up to 400 years have been recorded.
Birch
Birch grows in the northern and central latitudes of the country. This plant is suitable for growing in suburban areas. Birch grows up to 40 m in height, lives up to 150 years. The leaf shape of the plant is round with serrated edges. Inflorescences in the form of flattened earrings. Birch is not picky about growing conditions, so you can use sand, clay, stones to plant it.
Lonely birch in the center of a green field
Note! In spring and summer, the plant produces juice, which is widely used in folk medicine. On the basis of leaves and buds of birch, various decoctions and infusions are made that help to cope with many diseases. From wood, plants make plywood, wooden toys.
Conifers of Russia
Coniferous species include evergreen plant types: spruce, cedar, pine, larch. These are Russian trees that have needle-shaped leaves and fruits in the form of cones.
Spruce
Common spruce can be found throughout the Russian Federation. The average indicators of its height reach 35 m. However, plants are found and higher, up to 50 m. Spruce has a cone-shaped crown, which begins almost at its base. The trunk of the plant has an average thickness of up to 1.3 m. Spruce grows in coniferous forests up to 300 years. Hare feed on fir cones; during flowering, they begin to dance around the trunk and collect fallen seeds. Spruce is considered the main attribute of the New Year holidays, in the winter, its fluffy branches are covered with hoarfrost and snow.
The tree is characterized by flattened needles, the length of which varies within 4 cm. Their shade is green. If spruce grows in open areas, then its branching begins almost at the base.
Important! If the tree is in closed forests, then the crown occupies the upper part of the plant, and its trunk becomes bare.
Pine
The Pine family is considered a long-lived among conifers (up to 800 years). The length of the pine reaches 50 m in height, the width of the trunk is up to 1 m. Branching begins at a distance of 2 m from the base of the tree. Pine is characterized by gray bark, which is covered with characteristic cracks. The crown is in the shape of a pyramid. There are bunches of needles on the branches, each of them up to 15 cm long. The birds feed on seeds in winter and summer, in order to obtain prey, the birds should quiet down and carefully make their way to the intended target.
Pine is often used in folk medicine. Her unopened kidneys contain a large amount of vitamins, essential oils and tannins. These elements help to cope with many chronic diseases.
Cedar
Cedar is an evergreen plant that reaches 40 m in height. The width of its trunk is up to 2 m. On average, cedar lives about 500 years.
The crown of the tree has a multi-vertex shape. Needles up to 16 cm long grow on branches. Cedar cones are egg-shaped, their length reaches 13 cm. Each cone contains up to 140 cedar fruits. The remains of seeds feed birds. They store them for the winter to survive the frosts. People store cedar fruits. They help to cope with many diseases. To do this, take a branch to twitch, swing it a little and collect the fruits that have fallen to the ground.
Larch
Larch is a tree that can be found in the Urals and in the temperate continental regions of the country.
Ripe fruits on larch branches
Plant height 50 m, the shape of the crown is conical. Young larch has a smooth bark, the adult has cracks on it. The average life span of a plant is 500 years. The needles of larch have a gray coating, on small branches it grows in bunches.
Southern tree varieties
Southern trees are characterized by good resistance to drought, heavy rainfall. These plants grow in regions with a hot climate. The list of trees includes poplar, apricot tree, cypress, sumac. They grow in plant nurseries or in summer cottages and suburban areas.
Cypress
Cypress is a type of evergreen fast-growing breed. Cypress is a perennial tree that grows up to 25 m. The plant can take the form of a bush up to 2 m long. The main growth of cypress occurs in the first years of its life. Further, it increases by several centimeters every year. Cypress life expectancy is up to 2000 years. Its trunk is straight or slightly curved, the bark is smooth, with time acquires a furrowed structure. The leaves of the plant are scaly.
Important! Cypress is capricious in leaving, so it needs to be fertilized periodically, to take preventive vaccinations.
Acacia
White acacia is a plant that belongs to the genus Bean and grows in the south. Acacia can be shrubby and woody. The height of the tree is up to 30 m, the width of the trunk is up to 2 m. Acacia has a wide crown, which spreads over several meters. The leaves of the tree are long, within 25 cm, unpaired. The fruits of the plant are beans with a length of up to 6 cm. Each of them contains about 8 seeds. Their maturation begins in mid-late September.
Pyramidal Poplar
The pyramidal poplar belongs to the Willow family. Its length varies within 40 m, and the trunk reaches 1 m wide. Poplar has a pyramidal crown, its flowering begins in late April and early March. Life expectancy is 300 years. Poplar has a smooth gray bark, well-developed root system. Because of this, poplar growth is fast enough. The leaves of the plant are diamond-shaped, and its flowers are combined into long catkins.
Ash
Ash refers to deciduous trees. Its height can reach 40 m. The shape of the crown is rounded, the branches of the tree are directed upwards.
Lone ash tree with spherical crown
The barrel has a cylindrical shape. Ash leaves represent an inflorescence of 10-15 small leaves of green color. The fruits of the plant, lionfish, grow to 5 cm. First they have a green tint, then they turn brown. Flowering begins in the spring, after a long winter sleep.
Important! Ash is unpretentious to growth conditions, so it can exist even in marshy areas.
Sumac
Sumakh olenerogy has another name - vinegar tree. This is a plant that belongs to the subspecies Sumakhov. For the first time, the plant, according to the encyclopedia of trees, appeared on the territory of North America. Sumakh looks like a palm tree. Its crown is sprawling, umbrella, dissected leaves. The trunk has a brown tint. Leaves are red.
Important! The inflorescences of the tree have a crimson color, in appearance they resemble a chestnut.
Russia is a beautiful country with diverse vegetation. On its open spaces you can find coniferous, deciduous trees. Each of them has its own characteristics, sizes and life expectancy. Many plants are used in folk medicine in conjunction with various herbs and cosmetology for the treatment of female and male pathologies. The names of all trees in alphabetical order can be seen in special directories, where their detailed characteristics are described.
